Can't load windows, computer repeatedly repairs and reboots.

My computer froze and rebooted, and now won't boot windows at all. When I start the computer, one of two things happens. The dell logo appears, and either the circle loading thing comes up and stays there, or it says is is auto repairing. If it auto repairs, it says its scanning and repairing the drive, this is all in white writing on black background, no part of windows has loaded. After that, the computer will reboot , and it will say that it is diagnosing the problem. Either it will stay on that screen, or it comes to a black screen and says no boot device available, press F1 to retry boot, press F2 to run the setup menu.. When I looked at each SATA connection on the menu, I noticed that one of my hard drives (the one containing windows) does not appear on the list. I assumed this meant a hardware issue, so I tried changing the SATA port, as well as the cable. Note that at this point, I ruled out a motherboard SATA port issue and cable issue by trying them each with my second hard drive. Each sata port works, each cable is working and the hard drive (the one with windows) is turning on and getting power. I have since removed the hard drive in question, and used a SATA/USB adapter and ran it as an external hard drive on my laptop. The drive is booting correctly, and I can access the files in it without a problem occurring. So the evidence is as follows

-When I boot either a repair runs and fails or runs and brings me to some menu, or it just loads indefinitely
-When I get to the menu and look at each SATA port the hard drive does not appear.
-The hard drive works when run as second hard drive on different computer.
-All SATA Ports and cables and power cables have been verified through second hard drive and are working.